Esther Mollema about unconscious mechanisms in organisations
Women outperform men and are equally ambitious. Yet they are outnumbered in top positions. Trainer Esther Mollema blames that on mindbugs: unconscious prejudices that have been fed with men and women. In organizations she brings those mindbugs to light.
The Dutch think they don’t make a difference between men and women, but they do in practice, ”says Esther Mollema (52). “In organizations, they are convinced that they choose the best leaders, but in reality unconscious prejudices play an important role.”
Unconscious bias
For eighteen years now, Mollema has been working to make organizations and their leaders more aware of these mindbugs. That is quite a job. Esther Mollema about unconscious prejudices in organizations:
“The Dutch have no more unconscious prejudices than people in other countries, but we do think much rosier about ourselves. That makes it extra difficult to face our mindbugs. We make a lot of decisions every day, so we can’t all think about that consciously. As a result, we make the majority of our decisions unconsciously. In doing so, we fall back on what we have learned about this – often stereotype – ideas in our upbringing.
”For example, 95 percent of Dutch managers initially indicate that they find women and men to be equally competent. But a mindbug test among over 11,000 of them shows that 83 percent have an unconscious preference for a man as a leader: 87 percent of men and 80 percent of women. No wonder so few women reach the top of Dutch business: only 6 percent of the directors and a quarter of the supervisory directors of listed companies are women, according to the latest Female Board Index.
Less intelligent
About five years ago, Mollema was invited by a Protestant organization (she can no longer figure out which, FP) that wanted to examine their unconscious prejudices. “I asked them to talk about their mindbugs in small groups, but no one dared to speak up. I then spontaneously suggested that they all write their views anonymously on a note. I then read it to the entire group. This resulted in extreme statements, such as: “Women are less intelligent,” “Because of their periods, women cannot hold leadership positions,” and “It is not God’s intention for women to lead.” The women and some of the men in the party were shocked. A conversation about that was hardly possible.”
Ambitious women also encounter other obstacles in organizations, Mollema says. “They often do not know about the unwritten rules, because they do not belong to the inner group with whom these rules are shared. This group usually consists of people who look like the managers; in an organization with male leaders, these are usually men. They tell each other who you should be with to get something done and who you should definitely not kick. Because women often do not belong to the inner group, they also earn less than men with the same work, because they do not know what to negotiate – for example about allowances. And they think that their manager wants the best for them, but often he wants the best for himself.
A good manager helps you take the next step in your career, so I advise women: choose a good boss and not a job. Women have learned in their education to do an excellent job. Then they think they will get the promotion they deserve, but that doesn’t work in masculine organizations. There you have to ask for the next step in your career. ”
Divers
Mollema strongly supports more diversity in (the top) organizations. “Research shows that various teams are more successful and achieve better results than homogeneous groups. That’s because there are more different opinions in mixed teams. That makes decisions richer and better. Provided that the manager can properly manage it.”
But how do you get those diverse teams off the ground? “You can’t prevent mind bugs,” Mollema says matter-of-factly. “They arise between what we see around us between our zero and third year. But you can remove prejudices from the process of the organization by observing exactly where things go wrong. Then it turns out, for example, that during job interviews on the spot questions are made up.
This encourages the confirmation of prejudices. It is better to complete an agreed questionnaire. Each member of the application committee gives a score after each question, which is later compared to that of the other members. It is best for them to speak individually with the candidates for a position, as they are least affected by the other committee members. It is also important that vacancy texts are free of language that particularly appeals to men and deter women. “You are decisive,” for example, boils down to “You help your team and monitor progress.” The first formulation is more popular with men, with the second you reach both men and women. Explain to candidates how the application process works, because women often drop out when they have to do an assessment unexpectedly, for example. Explain new employees to negotiate. And justify why you give an employee a certain assessment after communicating with your colleague managers before communicating that with the employee. Others can then give you feedback on your mindbugs. You judge people who look like you statistically too high, people who are different from you too low. ” Mollema also has a tip for ambitious women themselves. “Work abroad for a number of years early in your career. I notice that women with experience in another country reach the top faster, because they have been given opportunities that are still lacking in the Netherlands. ”
Discipline
According to Mollema, the introduction of measures for greater diversity requires a discipline that we often do not have in the Netherlands. “When organizations promise to improve their lives, they forget it two weeks later. That makes it extra difficult to change the balance of power in the Netherlands. You are not there yet with awareness of your prejudices. The relationships will only change if companies link agreements to them, which they also adhere to. There are organizations where, with my help, it works, such as ABN Amro. There, the percentage of women in top positions rose from 23 to 40 percent in two years. ”
According to Mollema, it is no more difficult to get top men in motion for this than top women. “Only very masculine men still refuse to commit themselves to more women in top positions because they are afraid of their own career. I see the group of men who support diversity in their company grow larger – but that can also be wishful thinking.
Hard work
There are many conscious and unconscious prejudices about differences between men and women in the workplace. Mollema puts some of these ideas into perspective. Women have less ambition than men.
“That statement is not correct. The Dutch are less ambitious than workers in other countries, but there is no difference between men and women. Often “saying you’re ambitious” is confused with “being ambitious”. Women demonstrate their ambition by working hard and trying to make their dreams come true. ”
Women profile themselves less than men.
“It is true that women find it difficult because they have not learned it. On the other hand: in high-performing organizations you do not have to profile yourself as that is where your actions count more than your drive to profile. I like that better. In any case, it is important to take your chance if you are asked to speak to the management or give your opinion on TV. Women are quick to take refuge because they are expired by such a question, but they are short changing themselves.”
“Women are more critical of themselves than men. “When a woman is turned down for a job, she thinks I’m not good enough. A man blames the application committee. But let’s say that being critical is a very good quality. I wish leaders were a bit more critical. ”
Women are less able to negotiate than men.
“Not true. They are less able to negotiate for themselves, but they are good at doing so for the organization. When it comes to themselves, they feel they should get what belongs to them, without having to ask. But that’s not how it works in most organizations right now. Negotiating is not necessary in a transparent and fair system. Women and organizations must grow together in this. ”
Women are less able to network than men. Esther Mollema about unconscious prejudices in organizations.
“That is right. Men see that more as a necessary evil to progress. Women do not always understand its usefulness; through their upbringing they trust that their qualities will bring them further by themselves. But you really need to know the right people if you want to achieve your goals. If you keep an eye on why you have chosen a certain position, networking becomes less difficult, because then you know what you are doing it for. When I think: this person can help me further on my career ladder, I dare not speak to him, but when I think: he can help me with my goal to make mindbugs visible in the Netherlands, I just do it.”
Women give more priority to their private lives than men.
“The Dutch spend more time on their private lives than people in other countries; we ourselves make a distinction between men and women. When a man says he works 60 hours a week, I ask: Every week? And until what time do you work on Friday? Then the 60 hours often turns out to be a bit exaggerated. Women with full-time jobs only work a few minutes less than men who work full-time. For women it is difficult that they have to show their most ambitious side during the period that they have children. I advise women not to make any big decisions in the field of work. In those years they think that their ambition is diminishing, but it usually comes back quickly. ”
Women consider supplying good products more important than bringing in as much money as possible.
“That’s right. Women are more driven by ideals. Men sometimes see earning a lot of money as a means to make something happen in their private lives: buy a boat, get more freedom. Incidentally, I meet more and more male leaders who also base the way they work on their ideals.”
Text: Frieda Pruim